Which principle emphasizes that changes to data can be detected?

Which principle emphasizes that changes to data can be detected?

• A. Availability
• B. Non-repudiation
• C. Integrity
• D. Confidentiality

Answer: (C)

Detecting changes to data is what integrity is all about. Integrity is concerned with keeping data accurate and unaltered, and it relies on mechanisms like hashes, checksums, digital signatures, and audit trails to reveal any modification. Availability focuses on access to data and systems, non-repudiation ensures proof of actions and prevents denial, and confidentiality protects data from unauthorized disclosure. So the principle that directly supports detecting alterations is integrity, since it emphasizes preserving correctness and exposing any changes.